“I felt singled out, a bad mother, a bad woman”: Exploring violence in abortion trajectories in Uruguay 10 years after legal reform
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58238/igal.v3i1.73Palavras-chave:
abortion, uruguay, obstetric violence, trajectories to care, implementation of the lawResumo
Em contextos de evolução dos marcos legais como o Uruguai, os direitos reprodutivos e o acesso aos serviços de aborto têm uma importância fundamental no discurso da saúde pública e dos direitos humanos. Apesar das medidas legislativas progressivas destinadas a salvaguardar a autonomia reprodutiva e a combater a violência obstétrica, continua a existir uma lacuna significativa na investigação sobre as experiências vividas pelos indivíduos que acedem aos serviços de aborto após a reforma legal. Este estudo contribui para a literatura ao investigar as trajectórias de acesso ao aborto e ao identificar potenciais instâncias de violência obstétrica no sistema de saúde do Uruguai. Usando entrevistas qualitativas com informantes-chave e uma pesquisa quantitativa realizada entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2023, a pesquisa explora as experiências dos indivíduos no acesso aos serviços de aborto, incluindo interações com profissionais médicos, períodos de espera, estratégias de controle da dor e disseminação de informações. Ao explorar as experiências das pessoas com a violência obstétrica durante o aborto, este estudo lança luz sobre a necessidade crítica de transformar o sistema para garantir os direitos e a dignidade dos indivíduos em todo o processo contínuo de atendimento ao aborto no Uruguai.
Downloads
Referências
Afulani, P. A., Phillips, B., Aborigo, R. A., & Moyer, C. A. (2019). Person-centred maternity care in low-income and middle-income countries: analysis of data from Kenya, Gha-na, and India. The Lancet. Global health, 7(1), e96–e109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30403-0
Altshuler, A. L., Ojanen-Goldsmith, A., Blumenthal, P. D., & Freedman, L. R. (2017). A good abortion experience: A qualitative exploration of women’s needs and preferences in cli-nical care. Social science & medicine, 191, 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socsci-med.2017.09.010
Araújo, M., Santana, A., Moreira, P., Xavier, M., de Araújo, J., & Santos, P. (2023). Obstetric violence in the abortion process. Enfermería: Cuidados Humanizados, 12(2), e3166. doi: 10.22235/ech.v12i2.3166
Bartlett, K. (2018). Feminist legal theory: Readings in law and gender. Routledge.
Bellón, S. (2015). Obstetric violence from the contributions of feminist criticism and biopolitics. Dilemata, 18, 93-111.
Berro Pizzarossa, L. (2019). Women Are Not in the Best Position to Make These Decisions by Themselves’: Gender Stereotypes in the Uruguayan Abortion Law. University of Oxford Hu-man Rights Hub Journal, 1(), 25-54.
Chadwick R. (2016). Obstetric violence in South Africa. South African medical journal, 106(5), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i5.10708
Chadwick, R. (2023). The Dangers of Minimizing Obstetric Violence. Violence against women, 29(9), 1899–1908. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012211037379
Code, L. (2009). A New Epistemology of Rape?. Philosophical Papers, 38(3), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/05568640903420897Cohen, S. (2015). Making loud bodies “feminine”: a feminist-phenomenological analysis of obste-tric violence. Human Studies 39 (2), 231-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746–015–9369-x
Colomar, Mercedes, Colistro, Valentina, Sosa, Claudio, de Francisco, Luis, Betrán, Ana Pilar, Serruya, Suzanne, & De Mucio, Bremen (2022). Cesarean section in Uruguay from 2008 to 2018: country analysis based on the Robson classification. An observational study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 1–10. https://doi-org.proxy.timbo.org.uy/10.1186/s12884-022-04792-y
Cóppola, Francisco. (2015). Cesáreas en Uruguay. Revista Médica del Uruguay, 31(1), 07-14. http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1688-03902015000100002&ln-g=es&tlng=es.
Davis, D. (2018). Obstetric Racism: The Racial Politics of Pregnancy, Labor, and Birthing. Medical Anthropology, 38(7), 560–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2018.1549389
Demirdjian, S. (2022, diciembre 22). Diez años de la ley de aborto en Uruguay: puesta a punto de las cifras y evaluación de protagonistas. La Diaria. https://ladiaria.com.uy/feminismos/articulo/2022/12/diez-anos-de-la-ley-de-aborto-en-uruguay-puesta-a-punto-de-las-ci-fras-y-evaluacion-de-protagonistas/
Farias, Carolina (2014.). Vivencias y significados de la cesárea para las mujeres que han pasado por la experiencia. [tesis de maestría, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Uruguay]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/4473
Farías, C., Magnone, N. (2022). Violencia Obstétrica en Uruguay. Desafíos para la protección de los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres. Musas, 7(2), 62-80. https://doi.org/10.1344/musas2022.vol7.num2.4
Freedman, L. P., Ramsey, K., Abuya, T., Bellows, B., Ndwiga, C., Warren, C. E., Kujawski, S., Moyo, W., Kruk, M. E., & Mbaruku, G. (2014). Defining disrespect and abuse of women in childbirth: a research, policy and rights agenda. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 92(12), 915–917. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.137869
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2019). Segunda encuesta nacional de prevalencia de violencia basada en género y generaciones. https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-desarrollo-social/sites/ministerio-desarrollo-social/files/documentos/publicaciones/Segunda%20encuesta%-C2%A0naciona.pdf
Kumar, A., Hessini, L., & Mitchell, E. M. (2009). Conceptualising abortion stigma. Culture, health & sexuality, 11(6), 625–639. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050902842741
Küng, S., Ochoa, B., Ortiz Avendano, G., Martínez, C., Zaragoza, M., & Padilla Zuniga, K. (2021). Factors affecting the persistent use of sharp curettage for abortion in pu-blic hospitals in Mexico. Women’s health, 17, 17455065211029763. https://doi.org/10.1177/17455065211029763
Labandera, A., Gorgoroso, M., & Briozzo, L. (2016). Implementation of the risk and harm reduc-tion strategy against unsafe abortion in Uruguay: from a university hospital to the entire country. International journal of gynecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the Inter-national Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 134(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.06.007
Larrea, S., Assis, M. P., & Mendoza, C. O. (2021). “Hospitals have some procedures that seem dehumanising to me”: Experiences of abortion-related obstetric violence in Brazil, Chile and Ecuador. Agenda, 35(3), 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2021.1975967
Lefever, S., Dal, M. and Matthíasdóttir, Á. (2007), Online data collection in academic research: advantages and limitations. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38: 574-582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2006.00638.x
Leke, R. J., de Gil, M. P., Távara, L., & Faúndes, A. (2010). The FIGO working group on the pre-vention of unsafe abortion: mandate and process for achievement. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaeco-logy and Obstetrics, 110, S20–S24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.005
Magnone, Natalia (2011, setiembre). Derechos sexuales y reproductivos en tensión: intervencio-nismo y violencia obstétrica. X Jornadas de Investigación: derechos humanos, seguridad y violencia. Montevideo.
Magnone, Natalia (2017). Entre lo formal y lo sustantivo: la calidad de la asistencia al parto en el Uruguay. Sexualidad, Salud Y Sociedad, (27), 97–117. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-6487.sess.2017.27.06.a
Mujer y Salud en Uruguay (2022). Violencia obstétrica en cifras: resultados de la encuesta. https://www.mysu.org.uy/multimedia/noticia/violencia-obstetrica-en-cifras-resulta-dos-de-la-encuesta/Muñoz, A. (2018, mayo 7). A cinco años de la aplicación de la Ley de Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo. La Diaria. https://ladiaria.com.uy/salud/articulo/2018/5/a-cinco-anos-de-la-apli-cacion-de-la-ley-de-interrupcion-voluntaria-del-embarazo/
Nandagiri, R. (27 setiembre, 2018). Why feminism: some notes from ‘the field’ on doing feminist research. LSE Engenderings Blog. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gender/2017/10/12/why-feminism-some-notes-from-the-field-on-doing-feminist-research/>.
Pickles, C. (2023). “Obstetric Violence,” “Mistreatment,” and “Disrespect and Abuse”: Reflec-tions on the Politics of Naming Violations During Facility-Based Childbirth. Hypatia, 38(3), 628–649. doi:10.1017/hyp.2023.73
Prandini, M., & Larrea, S Exposing abortion-related obstetric violence through activism in Latin America and the Caribbean. Hill, N., & Castañed, A. N. (Eds.). (2022). Obstetric violence: realities, and resistance from around the World. Demeter Press.
Rocca, C. H., Kimport, K., Roberts, S. C., Gould, H., Neuhaus, J., & Foster, D. G. (2015). Decision rightness and emotional responses to abortion in the United States: a longitudinal study. PloS one, 10(7), e0128832. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128832
Romero, M., Gomez Ponce de Leon, R., Baccaro, L. F., Carroli, B., Mehrtash, H., Randolino, J., Menjivar, E., Estevez Saint-Hilaire, E., Huatuco, M. D. P., Hernandez Muñoz, R., Garcia Camacho, G., Thwin, S. S., Campodonico, L., Abalos, E., Giordano, D., Gamerro, H., Kim, C. R., Ganatra, B., Gülmezoglu, M., Tuncalp, Ö., ... Carroli, G. (2021). Abortion-rela-ted morbidity in six Latin American and Caribbean countries: findings of the WHO/HRP multi-country survey on abortion (MCS-A). BMJ global health, 6(8), e005618. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005618
Sanger, C. (2017). About Abortion: Terminating pregnancy in twenty-first. Century America.
Belknap Press.Tickner, J. (2005). What is your research program? Some feminist answers to international rela-tions methodological questions. International Studies Quarterly, 49(1), pp.1-21
Tobasía-Hege, C., Pinart, M., Madeira, S., Guedes, A., Reveiz, L., Valdez-Santiago, R., Pileggi, V., Arenas-Monreal, L., Rojas-Carmona, A., Piña-Pozas, M., Gómez Ponce de León, R., & Souza, J. P. (2019). Irrespeto y maltrato durante el parto y el aborto en América Latina: re-visión sistemática y metaanálisis. Revista panamericana de salud publica, 43, e36. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2019.36
United Nations Population Fund (2023). Uruguay es el país con menor prevalencia de abortos en América Latina y el Caribe ubicándose en el promedio de los países europeos. https://uruguay.unfpa.org/es/10-anos-de-la-ley-ive
Upadhyay, U., Kimport, K., Belusa, E., Johns, N., Laube, D., & Roberts, S. (2017). Evaluating the impact of a mandatory pre-abortion ultrasound viewing law: A mixed methods study. PloS one, 12(7), e0178871. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178871
Upadhyay, U. D., Cartwright, A. F., & Grossman, D. (2022). Barriers to abortion care and inciden-ce of attempted self-managed abortion among individuals searching Google for abortion care: A national prospective study. Contraception, 106, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2021.09.009
Uruguay (2001). Ley Nº 17386 Acompañamiento a la mujer en el preparto, parto y nacimiento. https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/17386-2001
Uruguay (2008). Ley Nº 18426 Defensa de la salud sexual y reproductiva. https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/18426-2008
Uruguay (2012). Ley N° 18987 Interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/18987-2012
Uruguay (2013). Ley N° 19167. Regulación de las técnicas de reproducción humana asistida. https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/19167-2013/7
Uruguay (2017). Ley Nº 19580 Violencia hacia las mujeres basada en género. https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/19580-2017
Vedam, S., Stoll, K., Taiwo, T. K., Rubashkin, N., Cheyney, M., Strauss, N., McLemore, M., Cadena, M., Nethery, E., Rushton, E., Schummers, L., Declercq, E., & GVtM-US Stee-ring Council (2019). The Giving Voice to Mothers study: inequity and mistreatment during pregnancy and childbirth in the United States. Reproductive health, 16(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0729-2
Zacher, D. (2015). Obstetrics in a time of violence: mexican midwives critique routine hospi-tal practices. Medical anthropology quarterly, 29(4), 437–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/maq.12174
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 - Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivativos 4.0 Internacional
Esta licença exige que os reutilizadores dêem crédito ao criador. Permite que os reutilizadores copiem e distribuam o material em qualquer meio ou formato, de forma não adaptada e apenas para fins não comerciais.
- BY: O crédito deve ser dado a você, o criador.
- NC: Somente o uso não comercial do seu trabalho é permitido. Não comercial significa que não se destina principalmente ou é direcionado a vantagens comerciais ou compensação monetária.
- ND: Não são permitidas derivações ou adaptações do seu trabalho.
